References

Books and Articles

• Anderson, Benjamin. The Value of Money. Reprint. Grove City, Penn.: Libertarian Press, 1917.

• Aquinas, Saint Thomas. Summa Theologica. 5 vols. New York: Benziger, 1948.

• ———. Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics. 2 vols. Chicago: Regnery, 1964.

• ———. On Kingship, To the King of Cyprus. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1949.

• Aristotle. Politics.

• ———. Nicomachean Ethics.

• Atkeson, A., and P.J. Kehoe. “Deflation and Depression: Is There an Empirical Link?” American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 94 (May 2004).

• Ayittey, George. Africa in Chaos. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998.

• Azpilcueta, Martín de. “Commentary on the Resolution of Money.” Journal of Markets and Morality 7, no. 1 (2004).

• Baader, Roland. Geld, Gold und Gottspieler. Gräfelfing: Resch, 2004.

• Baird, Charles W. Liberating Labor. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Acton Institute, 2002.

• Bastiat, Frédéric. “Maudit Argent.” Journal des économistes (April 1849); trans. in Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 5, no. 3 (2002).

• ———. Harmonies économiques. 2nd ed. Paris: Guillaumin, 1851.

• Bernanke, Ben. “Deflation: Making Sure ‘It’ Doesn’t Happen Here.” Remarks before the National Economists’ Club. Washington, D.C., 21 November 2002.

• Bernholz, Peter. Monetary Regimes and Inflation. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar, 2003.

• Beutter, Friedrich. Zur sittlichen Beurteilung von Inflationen. Freiburg: Herder, 1965.

• ———. “Geld im Verständnis der christlichen Soziallehre.” In W.F. Kasch, ed. Geld und Glaube. Paderborn: Schöningh, 1979.

• Blessing, Karl. “Geldwertstabilität als gesellschaftspolitisches Problem.” In Kirche und Wirtschaftsgesellschaft. K. Hoffman, W. Weber, and B. Zimmer, eds. Cologne: Hanstein, 1974.

• Block, Walter. “Fractional Reserve Banking: An Interdisciplinary Perspective.” In Man, Economy, and Liberty. Walter Block and Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr., eds. Auburn, Ala.: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1988.

• Bodin, Jean. Les six livres de la République. Paris: Jacques du Puys, 1576.

• Böhm-Bawerk, Eugen von. Capital and Interest. South Holland, Ill.: Libertarian Press, 1959.

• Borchert, Manfred. Geld und Kredit. Munich: Oldenbourg, 2001.

• Bordo, Michael D., and Angela Redish. “Is Deflation Depressing? Evidence from the Classical Gold Standard.” NBER Working Paper #9520. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.

• Brants, Victor. L’économie politique au Moyen-Age: esquisse des théories économiques professées par les écrivains des XIIIe et XIVe siècles. Reprint. New York: Franklin, 1970.

• Braudel, Fernand P., and Frank Spooner. “Prices in Europe from 1450 to 1750.” In The Cambridge Economic History of Europe. Vol. 4. E.E. Rich and C.H. Wilson, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967.

• Bridrey, Émile. La théorie de la monnaie au XIVe siècle, Nicolas Oresme. Paris: Giard & Brière, 1906.

• Burdekin, R.C.K., and P.L. Siklos, eds. Deflation: Current and Historical Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

• Buridan, Jean. “Extrait des ‘Questions sur la Politique d’Aristote’.” In Traité des monnaies et autres écrits monétaires du XIVe siècle. C. Dupuy, ed. Lyon: La manufacture, 1989.

• Burns, Arthur R. Money and Monetary Policy in Early Times. New York: Augustus M. Kelley, [1927] 1965.

• Cantillon, Richard. La nature du commerce en général. Paris: Institut national d’études démographiques, 1997.

• Cantor, Paul. “Hyperinflation and Hyperreality: Thomas Mann in Light of Austrian Economics.” Review of Austrian Economics 7, no. 1 (1994).

• Carrier, Hervé. Nouveau regard sur la doctrine sociale de l’église. Vatican: Pontifical Council “Justice and Peace,” 1990.

• Chafuen, Alejandro A. Faith and Liberty: The Economic Thought of the Late Scholastics. 2nd ed. New York: Lexington Books, 2003.

• Chown, John E. A History of Money. London: Routledge, 1994.

• Clapham, John Harold. The Bank of England: A History, 1694–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, [1944] 1970.

• Condillac, Etienne de. Le commerce et le gouvernement. 2nd ed. Paris: Letellier, 1795.

• Connolly, Bernard. The Rotten Heart of Europe. London: Faber and Faber, 1995.

• Copernicus, Nicolas. “Traité de la monnaie.” In Traité de la première invention des monnoies, de Nicole Oresme… et Traité de la monnoie, de Copernic. L. Wolowski, ed. Paris: Guillaumin, 1864.

• Coughlin, Charles E. Money! Questions and Answers. Royal Oak, Mich.: National Union for Social Justice, 1936.

• d’Azeglio, Luigi Taparelli, Saggio teoretico di diritto naturale appogiato sul fatto. 5 vols. Palermo: Antonio Muratori, 1840–43.

• Dempsey, Bernard W. Reorganization of Social Economy; The Social Encyclical Developed and Explained. New York: Bruce Pub., 1936–37.

• ———. Interest and Usury. Washington, D.C.: American Council of Public Affairs, 1943.

• ———. The Functional Economy. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1958.

• ———. The Frontier Wage. Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1960.

• Dowd, Kevin. “The Emergence of Fiat Money: A Reconsideration.” Cato Journal 20, no. 3 (2001).

• Drinkwater, Francis H. Money and Social Justice. London: Burns, Oates & Washbourne, 1934.

• Ederer, Rupert J. The Evolution of Money. Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press, 1964.

• Ehrenberg, Richard. Das Zeitalter der Fugger: Geldkapital und Creditverkehr im 16. Jahrhundert. Jena: Fischer, 1896.

• Eichengreen, Barry. Globalizing Capital. 2nd ed. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1998.

• Fahey, Denis. Money Manipulation and Social Order. Dublin: Browne & Nolan, 1944.

• Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. Deflation—2002 Annual Report. 9 May 2003.

• Fetter, Frank A. The Principles of Economics. New York: The Century Co., 1905.

• Fink, Carole. The Genoa Conference: European Diplomacy, 1921–1922. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984.

• Fisher, Irving, Stabilized Money: A History of the Movement. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1935.

• Fratianni, Michele, and Franco Spinelli. A Monetary History of Italy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

• Friedman, Milton. “The Resource Cost of Irredeemable Paper Money.” Journal of Political Economy 94, no. 3 (June 1986).

• Friedman, Milton, and Anna Schwarz. A Monetary History of the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963.

• Frowen, Stephen F. “The Functions of Money and Financial Credit: Their Objectives, Structure and Inbuilt Deficiencies.” Journal of the Association of Christian Economists 14. (February 1993).

• Gaettens, Richard. Inflationen: Das Drama der Geldentwertungen vom Altertum bis zur Gegenwart. 2nd ed. Munich: Pflaum, 1955.

• Gallarotti, Giulio M. The Anatomy of an International Monetary Regime: The Classical Gold Standard, 1880–1914. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

• Garrison, Roger W. “The Costs of a Gold Standard.” In The Gold Standard. Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr., ed. Auburn, Ala.: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1992.

• Gertchev, Nikolay. “The Case against Currency Boards.” Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 5, no. 4 (2002).

• Gide, Charles, and Charles Rist. Histoire des doctrines économiques. 6th ed. Paris: Dalloz, [1944] 2000.

• Gillard, Lucien. “Nicole Oresme, économiste.” Revue historique 279 (1988).

• Goethe, Wolfgang. Faust.

• Gouge, William M. A Short History of Paper Money and Banking in the United States, to which is prefixed an Inquiry into the Principles of the System. Reprint. New York: Augustus M. Kelley, [1833] 1968.

• Grauwe, Paul de, and Theo Peeters. The ECU and European Monetary Integration. Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1989.

• Grice-Hutchinson, Marjorie. The School of Salamanca. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1952.

• ———. Economic Thought in Spain. L. Moss and C. Ryan, eds. Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1993.

• Groseclose, Elgin. Money and Man: A Survey of Monetary Experience. New York: Frederick Ungar, 1961.

• Guynn, Jack. “Ethical Challenges in a Market Economy.” Speech delivered at Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, Va. 11 April 2005.

• Haberler, Gottfried von. Der Sinn der Indexzahlen. Tübingen: Mohr, 1927.

• Habiger, Matthew. Papal Teaching on Private Property, 1891 to 1991. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1990.

• Hammond, Bray. Banks and Politics in America. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1957.

• Hawtrey, Ralph G. A Century of Bank Rate. 2nd ed. New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1962.

• Hayek, Friedrich August. Monetary Nationalism and International Stability. New York: Augustus M. Kelley, [1937] 1964.

• ———. Free Choice in Currency. London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 1976.

• Hazlitt, Henry. The Inflation Crisis, and How to Resolve It. Irvington-on-Hudson, N.Y.: Foundation for Economic Education, [1978] 1995.

• ———. From Bretton Woods to World Inflation. Chicago: Regnery, 1984.

• Henning, Friedrich-Wilhelm. Handbuch der Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte Deutschlands. Vol. 1. Paderborn: Schöningh, 1991.

• Hepburn, A. Barton. History of Coinage and Currency in the United States and the Perennial Contest for Sound Money. London: Macmillan, 1903.

• Hesse, Helmut and Otmar Issing eds., Geld und Moral (Munich: Vahlen, 1994).

• Hodge, Ian. Baptized Inflation. Tyler, Texas: Institute for Christian Economics, 1986.

• Höffner, Josef. Christliche Gesellschaftslehre. Kevelaer: Butzon & Bercker, 1997.

• Holzbauer, Georg. Barzahlung und Zahlungsmittelversorgung in militärisch besetzten Gebieten. Jena: Fischer, 1939.

• Hoppe, Hans-Hermann. A Theory of Socialism and Capitalism. Boston: Kluwer, 1989.

• ———. The Economics and Ethics of Private Property. Boston: Kluwer, 1993.

• ———. “How Is Fiat Money Possible?—or, The Devolution of Money and Credit.” Review of Austrian Economics 7, no. 2 (1994).

• ———. Democracy—The God That Failed. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 2001.

• Hoppe, Hans-Hermann, Jörg G. Hülsmann, and Walter Block. “Against Fiduciary Media,” Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 1, no. 1 (1998).

• Huber, Joseph, and James Robertson. Creating New Money. London: New Economics Foundation, 2000.

• Huerta de Soto, Jesús. “New Light on the Prehistory of the Theory of Banking and the School of Salamanca.” Review of Austrian Economics 9, no. 2 (1996).

• ———. “Juan de Mariana: The Influence of the Spanish Scholastics.” In 15 Great Austrian Economists. Randall Holcombe, ed. Auburn, Ala.: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1999.

• ———. Money, Bank Credit, and Economic Cycles. Auburn, Ala.: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2006.

• Hulme, Anthony. Morals and Money. London: St. Paul Publications, 1957.

• Hume, David. Essays. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1987.

• Humphrey, Thomas. “John Wheatley’s Theory of International Monetary Adjustment.” Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Economic Quarterly 80, no. 3 (1994).

• Hülsmann, Jörg Guido. Logik der Währungskonkurrenz. Essen: Management Akademie Verlag, 1996.

• ———. “Toward a General Theory of Error Cycles.” Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 1, no. 4 (1998).

• ———.”Schöne neue Zeichengeldwelt.” Postface to Murray Rothbard, Das Schein-Geld-System. Gräfelfing: Resch, 2000.

• ———. “Has Fractional-Reserve Banking Really Passed the Market Test?” Independent Review 7, no. 3 (2003).

• ———. “Pourquoi le FMI nuit-il aux Africains?” Labyrinthe 16 (Autumn 2003).

• ———. “Optimal Monetary Policy.” Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 6, no. 4 (2003).

• ———. “Legal Tender Laws and Fractional-Reserve Banking.” Journal of Libertarian Studies 18, no. 3 (2004).

• ———. “The Political Economy of Moral Hazard.” Politická ekonomie (February 2006).

• Jouvenel, Bertrand de. Du pouvoir. Geneva: Bourquin, 1945.

• Kant, Immanuel. “Zum Ewigen Frieden—ein philosophischer Entwurf.” Werkausgabe. Vol. 11. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1991.

• Kasch, Wilhelm F. “Geld und Glaube. Problemaufriß einer defizitären Beziehung.” In Geld und Glaube. W. Kasch, ed. Paderborn: Schöningh, 1979.

• Kaspers, Wolfgang. “The Liberal Idea and Populist Statism in Economic Policy: A Personal Perspective.” In Do Ideas Matter? Essays in Honour

• of Gerard Radnitzky. Hardy Bouillon, ed. Brussels: Centre for the New Europe, 2001.

• Kemmerer, Donald L., and C. Clyde Jones. American Economic History. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959.

• Kershner, Howard. God, Gold, and Government. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1957.

• Kimball, James. “The Gold Standard in Contemporary Economic Principles Textbooks: A Survey.” Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 8, no. 3 (2005).

• Kinsella, Stephan. “Punishment and Proportionality: The Estoppel Approach.” Journal of Libertarian Studies 12, no. 1 (1996).

• ———. “A Libertarian Theory of Contract.” Journal of Libertarian Studies 17, no. 2 (2003).

• Kirshner, Julius. “Raymond de Roover on Scholastic Economic Thought.” Introduction to R. de Roover, Business, Banking, and Economic Thought in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.

• Kuznetsov, Yuri. “Fiat Money as an Administrative Good.” Review of Austrian Economics 10, no. 2 (1997).

• Langholm, Odd. Economics in the Medieval Schools: Wealth, Exchange, Value, Money and Usury According to the Paris Theological Tradition, 1200–1350. Leiden: Brill, 1992.

• Lapidus, André. “Une introduction à la pensée économique médiévale.” In Nouvelle histoire de la pensée économique 1. A. Béraud and G. Faccarello, eds. Paris: La Découverte, 1992.

• ———. “Metal, Money, and the Prince: John Buridan and Nicholas Oresme after Thomas Aquinas.” History of Political Economy 29 (1997).

• Law, John. Money and Trade Considered etc. Edinburgh: Anderson, 1705.

• Leconte, Pierre. La tragédie monétaire. 2nd ed. Paris: François-Xavier de Guibert, 2003.

• Locke, John. “Some Considerations of the Consequences of the Lowering of Interest and Raising the Value of Money” (1691). In P.H. Kelly, ed. Locke on Money. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.

• Long, Stephen D. “Bernard Dempsey’s Theological Economics: Usury, Profit, and Human Fulfillment.” Theological Studies 12, no. 1 (1996).

• ———. Divine Economy: Theology and the Market. London: Routledge, 2000.

• Lottieri, Carlo. Denaro e comunità. Naples: Alfredo Guida, 2000.

• Luschin von Ebengreuth, Arnold. Allgemeine Münzkunde und Geldgeschichte. Reprint of the 2nd ed. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, [1926] 1976.

• Machlup, Fritz. Die Goldkernwährung. Halberstadt: Meyer, 1925.

• Mäkeler, Hendrik. “Nicolas Oresme und Gabriel Biel: Zur Geldtheorie im späten Mittelalter.” Scripta Mercaturae 37, no. 1 (2003).

• Mariana, Juan de. (1609) “A Treatise on the Alteration of Money.” Journal of Markets and Morality 5, no. 2 (2002).

• Menger, Carl. Grundsätze der Volkswirtschaftslehre. Vienna: Braumüller, 1871.

• ———. Untersuchungen über die Methode der Socialwissenschaften und der politischen Oekonomie insbesondere. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1883.

• ———. “Geld.” Handwörterbuch der Staatswissenschaften 4 (1909). Reprinted in Carl Menger, Gesammelte Werke. Vol. 4. 2nd ed., Tübingen: Mohr, 1970.

• Messner, Johannes. Das Naturrecht. 6th ed. Innsbruck: Tyrolia, 1966.

• Meyer, Matthias. Kirchen und soziale Marktwirtschaft—eine ordnungspolitische Perspektive. Berlin: Stiftung Marktwirtschaft, 2003.

• Mises, Ludwig von. Theorie des Geldes und der Umlaufsmittel. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1912; trans. The Theory of Money and Credit. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1980.

• ———. Geldwertstabilisierung und Konjunkturpolitik. Jena: Fischer, 1928.

• ———. Socialism. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1981.

• ———. Nationalökonomie. Geneva: Union, 1940.

• ———. Human Action. Scholar’s edition, Auburn, Ala.: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1998.

• Mishkin, Frederic S. The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets. 7th ed. New York: Addison Wesley, 2003.

• Montesquieu, Charles de. De l’esprit des lois. Paris: Gallimard/Pléiade, 1951.

• Mote, Frederick W. Imperial China: 900–1800. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000.

• Nederman, C.J. “Community and the Rise of Commercial Society: Political Economy and Political Theory in Nicholas Oresme’s De Moneta.” History of Political Thought 21, no. 1 (2000).

• Nell-Breuning, Oswald von. “Geldwesen und Währung im Streit der Zeit.” Stimmen der Zeit 63, no. 10. (July 1933).

• ———. Reorganization of Social Economy: The Social Encyclical Developed and Explained. Milwaukee: Bruce, 1936.

• ———. “Geld.” Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche. Vol. 4. 2nd ed. Freiburg: Herder, 1960.

• Nell-Breuning, Oswald von, and J. Heinz Müller. Vom Geld und vom Kapital. Freiburg: Herder, 1962.

• Nocken, Ulrich. “Die Große Deflation: Goldstandard, Geldmenge und Preise in den USA und Deutschland 1870–1896.” In Geld und Währung vom 16. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart. A. Béraud and G. Faccarello, eds. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1993.

• Noonan, John T. The Scholastic Analysis of Usury. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1957.

• North, Gary. Honest Money. Ft. Worth, Texas: Dominion Press, 1986.

• ———. An Introduction to Christian Economics. Dallas, Texas: The Craig Press, 1973.

• Novak, Michael. Catholic Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982.

• ———. Spirit of Democratic Capitalism. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982.

• Olszak, Norbert. Histoire des banques centrales. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1998.

• Oresme, Nicholas. “Treatise on the Origin, Nature, Law, and Alterations of Money.” In The De Moneta of Nicholas Oresme and English Mint Documents. Charles Johnson, ed. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1956.

• Ottavj, Christian. Monnaie et financement de l’économie. 2nd ed. Paris: Hachette, 1999.

• Parker, Geoffrey. “Die Entstehung des modernen Geld- und Finanzwesens in Europa 1500–1730.” In C.M. Cipolla and K. Borchardt, eds. Europäische Wirtschaftsgeschichte. Vol. 2, Sechzehntes und siebzehntes Jahrhundert. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer, 1983.

• Passage, H. du. “Usure.” Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique 15. Paris: Letouzey et Ane, 1909–1950.

• Perrot, Étienne. Le chrétien et l’argent—Entre Dieu et Mammon. Paris: Assas éditions/Cahiers pour croire aujourd’hui. Supplement no. 13 (1994).

• Pesch, Heinrich. Lehrbuch der Nationalökonomie 5. Freiburg i.Br.: Herder, 1923.

• Plato. The Laws.

• Poughon, Jean-Michel. “Les fondements juridiques de l’économie politique.” Journal des Économistes et des Études Humaines 1, no. 4 (1990).

• Ptolemy of Lucca. On the Government of Rulers. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997.

• Quillet, Jeanne, ed. Autour de Nicole Oresme. Actes du Colloque Oresme organisé à l’Université de Paris 12. Paris: Bibliothèque de l’histoire de la philosophie, 1990.

• Rau, Karl Heinrich. Grundsätze der Volkswirtschaftslehre. 7th ed. Leipzig & Heidelberg: 1863.

• Redish, Angela. Bimetallism—An Economic and Historical Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

• Reisman, George. Capitalism. Ottawa, Ill.: Jameson Books, 1996.

• Ricardo, David. “Proposals for an Economical and Secure Currency.” Works and Correspondence. Piero Sraffa, ed. Vol. 4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951–73.

• ———. Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. London: Penguin, 1980.

• Rittmann, Herbert. Deutsche Geldgeschichte seit 1914. Munich: Klinkhardt & Biermann, 1986.

• Roover, Raymond de. Business, Banking, and Economic Thought in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.

• Rose, Tom. God, Gold, and Civil Government. Mercer, Penn.: American Enterprise Publications, 2002.

• Rothbard, Murray N. “New Light on the Prehistory of the Austrian School.” In The Foundations of Modern Austrian Economics. Edwin G. Dolan, ed. Kansas City: Sheed & Ward, 1976.

• ———. What Has Government Done to Our Money? 4th ed. Auburn, Ala.: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1990.

• ———. The Mystery of Banking. New York: Richardson & Snyder, 1983.

• ———. Man, Economy, and State. 3rd ed. Auburn, Ala.: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1993.

• ———. The Case against the Fed. Auburn, Ala.: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1994.

• ———. Economic Science before Adam Smith. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar, 1995.

• ———. The Ethics of Liberty. 2nd ed. New York: New York University Press, 1998.

• ———. “The Gold-Exchange Standard in the Interwar Years.” In Money and the Nation State. Kevin Dowd and Richard H. Timberlake, eds. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1998.

• ———. America’s Great Depression. 5th ed. Auburn, Ala.: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2000.

• ———. A History of Money and Banking in the United States. Auburn, Ala.: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2002.

• Rueff, Jacques. The Monetary Sin of the West. New York: Macmillan, 1972.

• Rugina, Angel. Geldtypen und Geldordnungen. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 1949.

• Rushdoony, Rousas John. The Institutes of Biblical Law. New York: The Craig Press, 1973.

• ———. The Roots of Inflation. Vallecito, Calif.: Ross House Books, 1982.

• ———. “Hard Money and Society in the Bible.” In Gold Is Money. Hans Sennholz, ed. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1975.

• Salin, Pascal. La vérité sur la monnaie. Paris: Odile Jacob, 1990.

• ———. La concurrence. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1991.

• Salins, Antoine de, and François Villeroy de Galhau. Le développement moderne des activités financiers au regard des exigencies éthiques du Christianisme. Vatican: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1994.

• Sargent, T.J., and F.R. Velde. The Big Problem of Small Change. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2002.

• Say, Jean-Baptiste. Traité d’économie politique. 6th ed. Paris: Guillaumin, 1841.

• Schefold, Bertram, ed. Vademecum zu einem Klassiker der mittelalterlichen Geldlehre. Düsseldorf: Wirtschaft & Finanzen, 1995.

• Schneider, Jakob Hans Josef. “Oresme, Nicolas.” Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon. Vol. 6. Nordhausen: Bautz, 1993.

• Schumpeter, Joseph A. A History of Economic Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press, 1954.

• ———. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. London: Allen & Unwin, 1944.

• ———. Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. 4th ed. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, [1934] 1993.

• Selgin, George. “On Ensuring the Acceptability of a New Fiat Money.” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 26 (1994).

• ———. Less Than Zero. London: IEA, 1997.

• Selgin, George, and Lawrence White. “How Would the Invisible Hand Handle Money?” Journal of Economic Literature 32, no. 4 (1994).

• ———. “A Fiscal Theory of Government’s Role in Money.” Economic Inquiry 37 (1999).

• Sennholz, Hans, ed. Gold Is Money. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1975.

• ———. Age of Inflation. Belmont, Mass.: Western Islands, 1979.

• ———. Money and Freedom. Spring Mills, Penn.: Libertarian Press, 1985.

• ———, ed. The Lustre of Gold. Irvington-on-Hudson, N.Y.: Foundation for Economic Education, 1995.

• Skousen, Mark. Economics of a Pure Gold Standard. 3rd ed. Irvington-on-Hudson, N.Y.: Foundation for Economic Education, 1996.

• Smith, Adam. The Wealth of Nations. New York: Modern Library, [1776] 1994.

• Smith, Vera C. The Rationale of Central Banking and the Free Banking Alternative. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1990.

• Souffrin, Pierre, and Alain P. Segonds, eds. Nicolas Oresme. Tradition et innovation chez un intellectuel du XIVe siècle. Paris: Belles Lettres, 1988.

• Sprenger, Bernd. Das Geld der Deutschen. 2nd ed. Paderborn: Schöningh, 1995.

• Steuart, James. An Inquiry Into the Principles of Political Economy. London: Millar & Cadell, 1767.

• Strohm, Christoph. “Götze oder Gabe Gottes? Bemerkungen zum Thema ‘Geld’ in der Kirchengeschichte.” Glaube und Lernen 14 (1999).

• Suhle, Arthur. Deutsche Münz- und Geldgeschichte von den Anfängen bis zum 15. Jahrhundert. 8th ed. Berlin: Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1975.

• Sumner, William G. History of Banking in the United States. New York: Augustus M. Kelley, [1896] 1971.

• Tocqueville, Alexis de. L’Ancien régime et la Révolution. Paris: Michel Lévy frères, 1856.

• Tortajada, Ramon. “La renaissance de la scolastique, la Réforme et les théories du droit naturel.” In Nouvelle histoire de la pensée économique 1. A. Béraud and G. Faccarello, eds. Paris: La Découverte, 1992.

• Vaubel, Roland. “The Political Economy of the International Monetary Fund.” In The Political Economy of International Organizations: A Public Choice Approach. A. Béraud and G. Faccarello, eds. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1991.

• Vermeersh, A. “Interest.” Catholic Encyclopedia 8 (1910).

• ———. “Usury.” Catholic Encyclopedia 15 (1912).

• Viner, Jacob. “Religious Thought and Economic Society.” History of Political Economy 10, no. 1 (Spring 1978).

• Virgil, Michel, ed. The Social Problem. Vol. 2, Economics and Finance. Collegeville, Minn.: St John’s Abbey, n.d.

• Wagner, Adolf. Die russische Papierwährung—eine volkswirtschaftliche und finanzpolitische Studie nebst Vorschlägen zur Herstellung der Valuta. Riga: Kymmel, 1868.

• Walters, Alan. Do We Need the IMF and the World Bank? London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 1994.

• Weber, Wilhelm. Geld und Zins in der spanischen Spätscholastik. Münster: Aschendorff, 1962.

• Wheatley, John. The Theory of Money and Principles of Commerce. London: Bulmer, 1807.

• White, Lawrence H. The Theory of Monetary Institutions. Oxford: Black-well, 1999.

• ———. “The Federal Reserve System’s Influence on Research in Monetary Economics.” Econ Journal Watch 2, no. 2 (2005).

• Williams, Jonathan et al. Money: A History. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1998.

• Wilson, Rodney. Economics, Ethics, and Religion. New York: New York University Press, 1997.

• Wittreck, Fabian. Geld als Instrument der Gerechtigkeit. Die Geldrechtslehre des Hl. Thomas von Aquin in ihrem interkulturellen Kontext. Paderborn: Schöningh, 2002.

• Woods, Thomas. “Money and Morality: The Christian Moral Tradition and the Best Monetary Regime.” Religion & Liberty 13, no. 5 (September/October 2003).

• ———. The Church and the Market. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2005.

• Yeager, Leland B. International Monetary Relations. New York: Harper & Row, 1966.

• ———. “From Gold to the Ecu: The International Monetary System in Retrospect.” In Money and the Nation State. Kevin Dowd and Richard H. Timberlake, eds. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1998.

• ———. Ethics as Social Science: The Moral Philosophy of Social Cooperation. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar, 2001.

• Zube, John. Stop the Legal Tender Crime. Berrima, Australia: Research Centre for Monetary and Financial Freedom, n.d.

Holy Scripture

• New American Bible. Washington, D.C.: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2003.

Catholic Church Documents

• Lagasse, Paul, et al. eds. Columbia Encyclopedia Britannica. 6th ed. Gale Group, 2003.

• Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church. Vatican: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2004.

• Pope John Paul II. Veritatis Splendor (1993).

• Pope John Paul II. Centesimus Annus (1991).

• Pope John Paul II. Sollicitudo Rei Socialis (1988).

• Pope Paul VI. Populorum Progression (1967).

• Second Vatican Council. Gaudium et Spes (1965).

• Pope John XXIII. Mater et Magistra (1961).

• Pope Pius XI. Quadragesimo Anno (1931).

• Pope Leo XIII. Rerum Novarum (1891).

• Pope Leo XIII. Arcanum Divinae (1880).

• Pope Innocent III. “Quanto.” Decretalium Gregorij Papae Noni Compilatio, Liber II, Titulus XXIII, Caput XVIII, col. 809–10 [1199].